Antique Tables: English and French Oak, Mahogany and Walnut Antique Sofa, Gateleg, Writing Tables and Desks

AN OAK “CREDENCE” OR FOLDING TABLE with semi-circular hinged top, the
moulded frieze with a drawer and broad canted corners, the frame raised on four baluster legs joined by a platform stretcher, and with a baluster-shaped gateleg back support, 2ft 7in. high by 3ft. wide (78cm. by 103cm.) circa 1640, reconstructed.

A CHARLES II OAK TABLE with a moulded plank top, the frieze with a drawer and raised on ball-turned legs and stretchers, 2ft. 6in.

A CHARLES II OAK SIDE TABLE with cleated two-plank top, the frieze with a two
panelied drawer veneered in fruitwood on turned baluster legs of exaggerated form joined
by moulded stretchers, 2ft. 4V2in. high by 2ft. wide (72cm. by 90cm.) circa 1675, feet
and cleats restored.

A CHARLES II OVAL OAK GATELEG TABLE,
by a moulded flat stretcher, the gates with simple waved upnghts.

A RARE WILLIAM AND MARY CEDARWOOD TRIANGULAR TABLE, the triangular top
with three flaps with spring supports and opening to form a hexagonal top, raised on three
turned legs joined by similar stretchers, 2ft. 3′/2in. high by 2ft. 21hin. open (69cm. by 67cm.)
circa 1690, tip of one flap missing.

A RARE WILLIAM AND MARY OAK DINING TABLE, four hinged curved fiaps supported on
baluster legs joined by a moulded oval stretcher and massive.

AN OCTAGONAL OAK “CRICKET” TABLE with plank top, the moulded frieze and three
turned legs joined by a triangular shelf and three stretchers, 2ft. 6in. wide (76cm.) late-17th
Century, restored.

A GOOD OAK REFECTORY TABLE
with massive four-plank top and simple shaped walnut end supports
joined by a long bar, 2ft. 5in. high by 8ft. long by 3ft. 3in. wide (74cm. by 273cm. by 99cm.) partly constructed from I8th Century wood.

AN EARLY 18TH CENTURY REFECTORY TABLE in walnut and oak, the four plank
top on piain trestle end supports with piain stretcher and feet, 5ft. Hin. long by 2ft. 8V2in.
deep (180cm. by 82cm.) circa 1720.

A FINE PAIR OF GEORGE I LABURNUMWOOD-VENEERED CONCERT-ACTION CARD
TABLES, each quarter-veneered top with a crossbanding and projecting rounded corners,
the baize-lined interior with counter wells and candie-stands, the conforming frieze raised
on turned legs headed by piain lappets and ending in pad feet, 2ft. Win. wide (86cm.) circa
1720.

A FINE PAIR OF QUEEN ANNE BURR-WALNUT SEMI-ELLIPTICAL GAMES TABLES each
in well figured wood, each top with a moulded edge, a chevron banding and a broad
crossbanding, one with a velvet-lined interior crossbanded in walnut, the other with a
walnut-veneered interior crossbanded in oak, each plain frieze with a small chevron-
banded drawer at each side below a slide and raised on four simple cabriole legs with pad
feet, 2ft. 4in. high by 2ft. 6вОО. wide (71cm. by 77cm.) circa 1710.

A FINE GEORGE III PENWORK-DECORATED PEMBROKE TABLE in the French style,
the serpentine top with a central chinoiserie design of figures with a parasol and a child
within a broad floral border and an outer white border, the frieze with a chinoiserie
design, ivory knobs and a drawer surrounded by fruiting vines, the slender cabriole legs
headed by carved husks and decorated with fruiting vines, with brass castors, 2ft. 6in. long
by 3ft. ‘Ain. open (76cm. by 92cm.) circa 1780.

A FINE GEORGE III OVAL MAHOGANY PEMBROKE TABLE
in the French style, the flame-figured moulded top with a
narrow crossbanding, the bowed frieze with a drawer and raised on slender moulded cabriole legs headed by a fluted trumpet hung with a husk and with circular flowerhead brackets.

A GEORGE III OVAL MAHOGANY AND MARQUETRY URN TABLE, the galleried top
with satinwood banding engraved and stained with entwined leaves enclosing flowerheads
and with a narrow tulipwood outer banding, the frieze with a small slide and raised on
Square tapering legs headed by trailing garrya husks and a circular patera, 2ft. VMn. high
by lft. 2′/2in. wide (65cm. by 37cm.) circa 1780.

A FINE GEORGE II OCTAGONAL MAHOGANY TRIPOD TABLE, the gallery pierced with
Chinese fretwork and each side joining at the corner in a scroll, supported on a leaf-carved
trumpet and three tall inscrolled Supports carved with leaves and ending in bold scrolls,
2ft. 6in. high by lft. 8V4in. wide (76cm. by 51.5cm.) circa 1750.

A LATE 18TH CENTURY CHINESE LACQUER KNEEHOLE DRESSING OR WRITING
TABLE of slightly inverted breakfront form, the moulded top inset with a panel of gilt-
tooled green leather and with a frieze drawer and six short drawers flanking a recess with
three drawers, on bracket feet, decorated throughout with buildings and trees in gilt on
black, 2ft. 73Ain. high by 3ft. 8′Mn. wide (80cm. by 113cm.) late 18th Century, decoration
renewed, later top.

A GEORGE III SMALL MAHOGANY PEMBROKE TABLE, the top with a narrow
crossbanding and rounded corners with a frieze drawer and square tapering legs with
castors, 2ft. 33Ain. open (70.5cm.) circa 1780.

A FINE GEORGE III SATINWOOD MARQUETRY D-SHAPED SIDE TABLE, the top with
a swirling scrollwork hung with chains of flowers and with a giant shell medallion within
a main harewood border of ribbon meandering round seed pods and with two narrow
tulipwood crossbandings, the frieze and four square tapering legs inlaid with chains of
leaves with narrow kingwood crossbanding, 2ft. 7′Ain. high by 4ft. 6lAin. wide (79cm. by
138cm.) circa 1775.

A GOOD GEORGE III MAHOGANY TWO-PEDESTAL DINING TABLE with two extra
leaves, each hinged end with rounded corners and raised on a plain pillar and four canted
reeded sabre legs with plain brass toes and castors, 4ft. wide by lOft. 8in. long fully extended
(122cm. by 325cm.) circa 1800.

A REGENCY JAPANNED PEDESTAL TABLE, the hinged rectangular top with broad
canted corners and a chinoiserie scene in gilt with a woman seated by a table and a
fisherman walking towards a boat, on ebonised obelisk support and concave triangular
base, 2ft. 5′Ain. high by lft. 6in. wide (74cm. by 46cm.) circa 1810.

A REGENCY MAHOGANY FOLDING COACHING TABLE with hinged top and waved X-shaped
supports joined by turned stretchers, 3ft. Van. open (92cm.) circa 1815.

A LATE GEORGE III MAHOGANY KNEEHOLE WRITING TABLE
with a central frieze drawer above an arch flanked
to each skie by three drawers and a deep drawer resemble two drawers,
on a plain plinth base, ail the drawers painted (76cm. by 132.5cm.) 1810.

A PAIR OF OVAL TWO-TIER ETAGERE TABLES, each with a gilt-stamped black
leather-lined shelf on four pillars with pineapple finials and brass castors, 2ft. lin. high by
lft. 9lhin. long (63.5cm. by 54.5cm.).

A PAIR OF THREE-TIER ETAGERE TABLES of square shape, veneered in rosewood
and with gilt-brass column corners, with bail finials and castors, square (36cm )
19th Century.

A TWO-TIER ETAGERE TABLE,
each rectangular shelf veneered in rosewood with gilt-brass
border and gilt-brass circular legs and castors, lft. 8in. high by 2ft.

A LATE GEORGE III MAHOGANY SMALL TABLE, the top with rounded corners
above two drawers, the lower one panelled to resemble two drawers, on slender ringed
legs with castors, lft. 6′Ain. wide (46.5cm.) circa 1805.

A NEST OF THREE REGENCY ROSEWOOD TABLES, each on a pair of twist-ringed
pillars with downcurved legs joined by a straight stretcher.

AN IVORY-INLAID KINGWOOD-VENEERED TABLE
CABINET, the hinged lid and sides veneered with a brick
design with ivory ‘mortar’, the architectural front with
an arrangement of six short drawers flanking a dummy
drawer and a cupboard enclosing three long drawers,
the whole of the front inlaid with a eut ivory scrollwork,
lft. 5V4In. high by wide (44cm. by 75cm.) mid-
17th Century, probably Spanish.

A DUTCH MARQUETRY CENTRE TABLE, the top
inlaid with an oval set with flower vases flanked by
birds, within burr-walnut and maple crossbanding within
floral spandrels and a floral border above a similarly
inlaid frieze drawer, on square tapering legs ending in
blocks and joined by a concave X-stretcher, on later bun
feet, 2ft. 4lhin. high by 3ft. 7′Mn. wide (73cm. by 110cm.)
late 17th/early 18th Century.

A GILTWOOD SERPENTINE FRONTED CONSOLE TABLE
with a pierced C-scroll and acanthus leaf-carved apron
centred by a shell, on elaborately carved cabriole legs
hung with floral garlands and joined by an asymmetrical
pierced C-scroll and S-scroll stretcher with a grey marble
top, 2ft. 8in. high by 3ft. 9lMn. wide (81cm. by 116cm.)
circa 1750, probably German.

A DUTCH WALNUT MARQUETRY TRIPOD TABLE, the circular
hinged top inlaid with a flower vase within a scrolling garland,
on a ring-turned baluster stem and downcurved cabriole legs, 2ft. 5lhin.
high by 2ft. 4V2in. diam. (75cm. by 72.5cm.) mid-18th Century.

A DUTCH MARQUETRY CARD TABLE, the triangular
baize-lined top and frieze with chevron bandings and
boxwood stringing, with a vase of flowers above a
bearded mask, on four tapering legs with inlaid bands of
lighter wood, 2ft. 4′/2in. high by 4ft. lin. wide (72cm. by
124.5cm.) circa 1790.

A BIEDERMEIER FRUITWOOD SMALL TABLE with a
drawer and square tapering legs, 2ft. high by lft. Hin.
wide (61cm. by 58cm.) circa 1830.

A BIEDERMEIER FRUITWOOD JARDINIERE TABLE
with panelled frieze and square tapering legs, 2ft. wide
(73cm.) circa 1830.

A LATE GEORGE II MAHOGANY SIDE TABLE, with
moulded top and frieze drawer, on square chamfered
legs, 2ft. 4′/2in. high by 3ft. wide (72cm. by 93cm.)
circa 1760.

AN EARLY GEORGE III MAHOGANY SIDE TABLE,
with brass gallery, plain frieze, with square chamfered
legs headed by pierced fluted brackets, 2ft. Hin. high by
6ft. wide (89cm. by 183cm.).

A GEORGE III MAHOGANY TOILET TABLE, with a
rising adjustable mirror and a divided hinged top
enclosing apertures for fitments with a cupboard and
square chamfered legs joined by a concave platform,
lft. 4in. wide (41cm.) circa 1770.

A GEORGE III MAHOGANY EXTENDING DINING TABLE,
with a pair of leaves, each D-shaped end raised on four
square tapering legs, 4ft. wide by 8ft. 2in. fully extended
(122cm. by 249cm.) circa 1780, with restoration.

HOLE DESK OR DRESSING TABLE, of triple bow-front
form, the top with reeded edge, three frieze drawers and
each pedestal with a bowed door enclosing tray shelves
on a phnth base, 2ft. 4′Mn. high by 4ft. min. wide (72cm
by 138cm.) circa 1800.

A GEORGE III MAHOGANY SERPENTINE-TOP CARD TABLE,
on square tapering legs and block feet, 2ft.
high by 2ft. 7in. wide (74.5cm. by 79cm.) circa 1780.

A GEORGE III MAHOGANY SIDE TABLE with semi-
circular top and panelled tapering legs, 2ft. 103Ain. high
by 4ft. 3in. wide (88cm. by 129cm.) circa 1785, the frieze
now containing a drawer.

A REGENCY MAHOGANY TRIPOD TABLE, the
rectangular hinged top on slender ring-turned baluster
stem and reeded downeurved legs ending in bun feet,
2ft. 3′hin. high by 2ft. lin. wide (70cm. by 63cm.)
circa 1805.

A LATE GEORGE III MAHOGANY WRITING DESK
with a tambour front enclosing a fitted interior and
writing slide above a pair of frieze drawers on square,
tapering, fluted and stop-fluted legs, 3ft. 5in. high by 3ft.
‘hin. wide (104cm. by 93cm.) circa 1790.

A REGENCY BREAKFAST TABLE, the rectangular hinged top with
reeded edge on a ring-turned baluster stem and reeded sabre
legs ending in brass castors, 2ft. 4in. high by 4ft. wide (71cm. by 150cm.) circa 1820.

A PAIR OF GEORGE III MAHOGANY GAMES TABLES,
the rectangular tops with reeded borders and deep
chamfered corners, the friezes inlaid with stringing and
raised on turned tapering legs, 2ft. 5′hin. high by 2ft.
ll3Ain. (75cm. by 91cm.) circa 1800, one with Upper
section of top replaced.

A FINE GEORGE III MAHOGANY THREE-PEDESTAL
DINING TABLE, each pedestal with a vase-shaped stem
and downcurved legs ending in brass castors, 2ft. 4in.
high by 8ft. Hin. long by 4ft.deep (71cm. by 274cm.
by 136cm.) circa 1800.

A GEORGE III MAHOGANY TWO PEDESTAL DINING
TABLE, with rounded square ends on nng-turned
baluster and reeded sabre legs, ending in brass.castors
2ft. 5in. high by 6f, Win. long by
209cm. by 122cm.) circa 1815.

A REGENCY MAHOGANY SOFA TABLE, the top
crossbanded in satinwood and inlaid with boxwood
stringing with two real opposing two dummy drawers,
and with D-shaped flaps, on trestle supports joined by
an arched stretcher, 2ft. 5in. high by 5ft. lin. wide (74cm.
by 155cm.) circa 1805.

A LATE GEORGE III ROSEWOOD SOFA TABLE, with
two frieze drawers in one side, on a ring-turned baluster
stem carved with lotus leaves and down-curved sabre
legs, ending in downcurved feet and castors, the whole
inlaid with brass stringing, 2ft. 4in. high by 5ft. ‘Mn. wide
(71cm. by 153cm.) circa 1815.

A REGENCY MAHOGANY SOFA TABLE, with
D-shaped flaps crossbanded in satinwood, the frieze
with one real and one dummy drawer on lyre-shaped
scrolling supports and sabre legs joined by an arched
stretcher, 2ft. 6in. high by 5ft. o’frin. wide (76cm. by
169cm.) circa 1815.

A GEORGE III MAHOGANY SOFA TABLE, with
D-shaped flaps and one real and one dummy drawer in
the frieze on trestle supports, joined by a ring-turned
stretcher on moulded sabre legs ending in brass castors,
2ft. 4in. high by 5ft. VMn. wide (71cm. by 156cm.)
circa 1810.

A PAIR OF GEORGE IV MAHOGANY CARD TABLES,
with canted corners and swivelling tops, raised on four
turned pillars, a platform and canted sabre legs, inlaid
throughout with a pale wood stringing, 2ft. Hin. zoide
(89cm.).

A WILLIAM IV ROSEWOOD CENTRE BREAKFAST
TABLE, the circular top with a beaded edge on a triangular
pillar and moulded beaded base and concave platform,
on moulded ball feet, 2ft. in. high by 4ft. 3′/2in.
diameter (72cm. by 130cm.) circa 1830.

A WILLIAM IV ROSEWOOD-VENEERED WORK TABLE,
with rounded corners, frieze drawer above a U-shaped
back support with turned pillar and coneave rectangular
base with bun feet, 2ft. 4in. high by 2ft. Hin. open (71cm.
by 89cm.) circa 1835.

A GEORGE III MAHOGANY SEMI-CIRCULAR CARD TABLE
with a baize-lined interior, crossbanded in satinwood, on
square tapering legs ending in block feet, 2ft. 5in. high by 3ft.
wide (74cm. by 91.5cm.) circa 1790.

A GEORGE III MAHOGANY SIDE TABLE with
crossbanded top and a hinged flap panelled to resemble
two long drawers, with a curved apron and square
tapering legs ending in spade feet, the whole inlaid with
ebony stringing, 2ft. high by 2ft. 4in. wide (80cm.
by 71cm.) circa 1790.

A GEORGE III PROVINCIAL MAHOGANY DRESSING
TABLE, the rectangular top with adjustable dressing
mirror on ratchet support, with two long and two short
drawers round a kneehole, on square tapering legs and
brass castors, 2ft. lO’hin. high by 2ft. 9′/2in. wide (87cm.
by 85cm.) circa 1800.

A REGENCY MAHOGANY CARD TABLE, the hinged
top crossbanded in rosewood, with a beaded frieze and
spirally ringed baluster stem on a concave platform
stretcher and hipped sabre legs ending in lion-paw
castors, 2ft. 5V2in. high by 3ft.wide (75cm. by 92cm.)
circa 1815.

A GEORGE IV CIRCULAR MAHOGANY TRIPOD TABLE
of George II style, with hinged top, baluster stem and
plain cabriole legs with pointed pad feet, 2ft. 4in. high by 2ft. 6in.
diameter (71cm. by 76cm.) circa 1820.

AN EBONISED PARCEL-GILT REGENCY CHEVERET
TABLE, the superstructure with a brass three-quarters
gallery above a pair of grille-filled doors flanked by lotus-
carved baluster columns, the frieze decorated with an
olive leaf motif centred by a rosette, on ringed tapering
legs joined by a platform stretcher, 3ft. 9in. high by 2ft.
wide (114cm. by 61cm.) circa 1815.

A LATE GEORGE III MAHOGANY PEDESTAL PEMBROKE
TABLE, the rectangular top with rounded corners, with
a frieze drawer and central reeded column on four
moulded legs, 2ft. 4in. high by 2ft.wide
(71cm. by 90cm.) circa 1820.

A GEORGE IV MAHOGANY CARD TABLE,
with a hinged swivelling top enclosing a well, supported
on two ring-turned columns and a concave platform with hipped sabre
legs and brass castors, 2ft. 4V2in. high by 2ft. 11in. wide (72cm. by 90.5cm.) circa 1825.

A LATE GEORGE III MAHOGANY BREAKFAST TABLE,
the circular top with turned column and four legs, 2ft. 5in.
high by 4ft. 3in. diameter (74cm. by 130cm.) circa 1815, originally
part of a pedestal dining table.

A WILLIAM IV GILTWOOD SIDE TABLE,
with verde antico marble top and a pair of massive
foliate scroll supports, resting on a rosewood-veneered base with
giltwood egg and dart moulding and a mirrored backboard, 3ft. 3in.
high by 4ft. 8in. wide (99cm. by 142cm.) circa 1830, distressed and gold painted.

A WILLIAM IV ROSEWOOD TRESTLE TABLE, the
rectangular top with rounded corners and inlaid with a
satinwood band, with a drawer in the frieze and simple
trestle Supports, 2ft. high by 2ft. 4in. wide (70cm.
by 71cm.) circa 1830.

A WILLIAM IV ROSEWOOD BREAKFAST TABLE, the
circular top with a gadrooned border, the hexagonal
stem with concave-sided triangular base on gadrooned
feet, 2ft. 5′/2in. high by 4ft. 6in. wide (75cm. by 137cm.)
circa 1835.

A WILLIAM IV MAHOGANY TEA OR GAMES TABLE,
the rectangular hinged top with a beaded edge, on
columnar lotus-leaf carved pedestal and concave
platform stretcher on reeded bun feet, 2ft. high by
3ft. wide (75cm. by 91.5cm.) circa 1830.

A WILLIAM IV MAHOGANY GAMES TABLE, the top
with a central sliding panel enclosing a backgammon well
and reversing to form a chessboard, with two drawers
flanking an arch with a dummy drawer, on piain trestle
supports, 2ft. high by 2ft. Hin. wide (77cm. by
89cm.) circa 1830.

A FLEMISH PARQUETRY SIDE TABLE,
the rectangular top with concentric oyster-veneered
circles in olivewood with hollywood stringing, a drawer
in the frieze and turned legs joined by wavy stretchers, 2ft. 6in. high by 3ft. wide (76cm. by 95cm.)
circa 1700, legs and stretchers replaced.

A GEORGE I WALNUT TABLE, with a moulded mottled pale
apricot-coloured top and rounded corners, the frieze with a
drawer at each end, the turned legs with lappets and pad feet, 2ft.
5in. high by 2ft. 8in. long (74cm. by 81cm.) circa 1725, marble modern.

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Antique French and Italian Desks (1715-1770)
Louis XV kingwood bureau plat with serpentine top.
In France, about 1715, the bureau-Mazarin with eight legs and banks of drawers is replaced, probably by Boulle, with the bureau plat (flat-topped writing-table) on four cabriole legs with only three drawers set in line in the frieze, the centre one slightly recessed. Veneers are protected, especially on outside angles of legs, with ormolu mounts. By 1750, bureau plat in fully developed Louis XV style is an assembly of flowing curves, sometimes without drawers in frieze to detract from its elegance, sometimes with cartonnier
(separate, matching rack of shelves for documents) placed at end next to wall. Flowing lines followed in solid French provincial and Swiss versions.
About 1760, the secretaire-a-capucin (or a-la-Bourgogne) is made by Vandercruse and others; a small table on cabriole legs when closed, but when folding top is extended, a mechanism releases a bank of drawers. The bonheur-du-jour is also a lady’s desk, but with Louis W kingwood and parquetry bureau de dame.
bank of drawers and/or pigeonholes permanently in position. The bureau-de-dame is on cabriole legs and in its early form has a sloped fall, modified by Oeben who replaces it with a tambour composed of slats glued to fabric and running in curved grooves. He invents cylinder-top desk for Louis XV – solid, curved lid moving in grooves – unfinished on Oeben’s death in 1763 and completed by Riesener, 1769; considered finest piece of French 18thC furniture extant.
The secretaire-a-abattant is a revival of late-17thC secretaire with vertical fall, but carcase often has bombe curves. Rococo curves become less marked during transitional period in 1760s, when royal mistresses, de Pompadour and (later) du Barry help steer court taste in direction of neo-classicism.
German birch bureau-cabinet, mid-18th century.
In Germany, the bureau-cabinet remains favourite form of desk. Rococo decoration is applied to heavy, shaped carcases. In some, cabinet section has cabriole feet resting on top of bureau. Makers include Schnell in Dresden and Hermann of Bamberg, who also produces writing-table in French style about 1765 with tambour top. Lighter types of bureau without cabinet produced by Roentgen family at Neuwied. Danish and Finnish examples mostly follow German. In Holland, bureau-cabinet retains heavy baroque flavour with rococo touches; base has boldly canted corners, top of cabinet is often stepped to hold oriental vases. In Italy bureau-cabinet reaches dizzy heights of rococo extravagance, notably at hands of Piffeti, Turin. Simpler bureaux were made in Tuscany.
Northern Italian walnut bombe bureau, mid-18th century.
Sophisticated types: Exotic veneers, e.g. kingwood, tulipwood, citrus.
Provincial types: Solid cherry, walnut.
Bureau, bureau-cabinet: Basically as for previous period, but elaborate shaping of carcase in German examples achieved by ‘brick’ system – building up with small sections.
Bureau plat: Rails tenoned into tops of cabriole legs; top of sophisticated type framed up and fixed to rails with pegs and glue-blocks. Top of French provincial type made up with solid boards, tongued and grooved.
French: Delicate marquetry on fall of bureaude-dame and secretaire-a-abattant bureau plat more reliant on fine veneers and elaborate ormolu mounts; e.g. Cressent, cabinet-maker to Regent during minority of Louis XV, sets fashion for espagnolettes– mounts cast as busts of nymphs and fauns.
German and Italian: Elaborate carving and marquetry for bureau-cabinets; cresting on cabinet can be wildly asymmetrical. Best Dresden work has very fine ormolu mounts.
Veneers varnished, sanded down and waxed. German carving parcel-gilt – i.e. details gilded in contrast to woodwork. In Italy, painting with lacca; Venice specializes in lacca povera (lacca contrafatta) – prints by Bassano del Grappa of Remondini, glued to coloured ground and varnished.
Ostentatious pieces bring very high prices and demand handsome settings. Best buy is probably French provincial bureau plat in cherry or walnut.
Principal maker of bureau-cabinets in mid-18thC Copenhagen was Ortmann, who numbered all his products and pasted a trade label inside. Some were disposed of as prizes in lotteries, and could turn up anywhere.
Finnish oak bureau-cabinet, mid-18thC.

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Art Nouveau and Art Deco DESKS About 1890-1940
Belgian art nouveau desk by Gustave Serrurier-Bovy, about 1910.
Art nouveau, 1890-1920: About 1898 van de Velde designs desk with kidney-shaped top mounted on pedestals with drawers and bookshelf extensions. Majorelle’s 1905 writing-tables with dished tops on heavy, semicabriole legs reinterpret rococo. Many commercially manufactured bureau-cabinets are asymmetrical, with shelving on one side of fall.
Modernist, 1920-40: Functional flat-top desks for home and office, including some asymmetrical types – pedestal of drawers on one side only – prototype for typist’s desk.
Built-in fitments often combine writing-surfaces with bookshelves.
Art Deco, 1920-40: Running concurrently with modernist functionalism, Art Deco designers frequently borrow from it – e.g. asymmetrical arrangements of drawers, but for dramatic effect rather than practical convenience. Rich materials lavished on domestic writing-tables and vast office desks for tycoons. Period also offers many unspectacular but satisfying desks of all types, simply designed and well-made.
Art nouveau: Main preferences walnut and mahogany; variety of woods for marquetry.
Modernist: Oak, ash, elm. Glass or leather for tops, tubular steel frames for desks in Le Corbusier’s style.
Art Deco: Mahogany, walnut, figured ebony, fine skins and leathers for tops. Plywood for drawer-bottoms and backs of cheaper products.
Art nouveau: Best examples almost entirely hand-made, though Majorelle uses machinery for shaping complex curves.
Modernist: Ideologically non-traditional, many makers use screws or bolts in place of
mortise-and-tenon joints. Attempts at producing inexpensive furniture often fail because capable machines not yet developed.
Art Deco: Best work, e.g. desks by Ruhlmann of Paris, hand-crafted; flashy types mass-produced by using machines for planing, dovetailing, cutting mortises, but hand-assembled.
Almost by definition, modernism avoids decoration. Good art nouveau and Art Deco use carving, marquetry, inlay in silver and semiprecious stones, ormolu mounts (Majorelle’s speciality). Cheaper art nouveau bureau-cabinets have leaded light glass doors, large bronzed metal hinges.
Art nouveau: Better examples waxed, secondary ones French polished.
Modernist: Often brightly painted.
Art Deco: Better pieces hand-finished, using thin skins (skivers) for writing surfaces. Cheap products sprayed with cellulose; writing-surfaces inset with imitation leather.
Top quality desks, if suitable for executive suites, are disproportionately expensive because they are being paid for out of company funds rather than private money. Best private buys are probably simply designed 1930s desks and bureaux using mostly solid hardwoods.
LEATHER TOPS
Never reject a basically good flat-topped desk because the leather top is shabby. Re-leathering is not unduly expensive, and transforms the appearance.

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DESKS: ENGLISH BUREAUX AND BUREAUX CABINETS
About 1690-1740
Walnut veneered two-part bureau, about 1700.
Acombination of the bureau on stand and the escritoire, having an upper desk section with a fitted interior mounted on a chest of drawers; can have a cabinet above with further interior fittings for ledgers, papers.
Initially made in two sections with applied ‘waist’ moulding around join. (Moulding sometimes retained for decorative effect, even when made in one piece.)
Base: Until about 1725, square (oak) lopers at top, thereafter rectangular. May have single or pair of drawer(s) between, above two or three long drawers of graduated size, or blank space fronting a well with sliding top accessible from desk interior. A well suggests a slightly earlier date.
Usually narrow moulding at base. Bun feet until about 1710, then bracket. (Many buns replaced with brackets at later date; modern trend is to revert to type.)
A few have full-width writing-slide at top, usually with corresponding book-rest moulding on fall.
For details of drawer fronts, etc. see CHESTS OF DRAWERS, p. 86.
Desk: Sloping fall; generally flush with surrounding framework. Sometimes ovolo lip moulding around 1710-1720, matching drawers below. Narrow cock-beading introduced about 1730. Top always flush with sides; never overhanging.
Interior fittings: Plenty of variation, but always symmetrically arranged and set back from front edge. Simplest with open pigeon holes (often with arched top and aprons) and maybe two or three shallow drawers below, frequently of undulating outline. Early interiors generally stepped (later on country versions), with drawers of convex or concave section. Best have central cupboard flanked by pilasters (the grandest with ormolu or gilt brass capitals). Secret compartment usually concealed behind; reached by removal of
shelf, drawer or other fittings.
Upper cabinet: Sits within applied moulding. Two, occasionally one door(s). Fashionable early pieces panelled with mirror glass (with bevelled edges), but can be wooden, finished both inside and out, as doors were often left open to show off elaborate interior. This has further drawers and pigeon-holes etc. all flush with front. Some partitions tall and narrow for ledgers, folios.
Moulded cornice above may be:
straight
domed (single arch)
broken dome
double dome (most highly prized in its day)
broken architectural (i.e. straight-edged) pediment (found after 1725 and on mahogany only)
All with finial(s) at centre and/or sides.
Mirrored cabinets may have pair of candle slides at base (so that light could be reflected in glass). Both features went out of fashion around 1740.
Principally -walnut veneer on pine carcase (with oak for drawer linings). Occasionally other figured veneers of mulberry, yew etc. Mahogany after about 1725.
Oak for some country and provincial pieces;
sometimes elm, ash or other indigenous woods.
Oak and walnut for interior fittings, sometimes with inlay of box, holly, bone.
Standard methods employed (see CHESTS OF DRAWERS for details, p. 87). Basically veneer on dovetailed carcase; through dovetails increasingly replaced by lapped after 1700.
Double-lapped on bureau top.
Figured veneers were often used only on top and front (i.e. the most visible surfaces) with vertically-running, straight-grained veneer on the sides.
Hinged fall cleated for stability (to prevent warping). Expect signs of damage to hinges and around lock due to faulty handling.
Usually  but not invariably  cabinet cornice integral with carcase until about 1725; thereafter more commonly separate piece, merely sitting on top with glued corner blocks to carcase to maintain position.
FAKEBUREAUX
Because of their very high value, fakes and marriages of early walnut bureaux and bureaux cabinets are not uncommon. Check for matching grain and colour of all timbers, and for matching interior and base drawer construction. The top of the bureau section should be rough, dry and untouched, with no signs of new timber, if a cabinet was originally present.
Newly-veneered  but originally plain and solid  oak bureaux may also be encountered, not infrequently veneered with old timber taken from a less valuable piece. So even though the veneer itself may look right (i.e. hand-cut and of irregular thickness, about 1/8 inch/3 mm) the all-oak carcase will indicate this practice. The interior fittings will either be too plain for the outer casing, or will also have been veneered, or even replaced. Check for signs of new wood and see if the drawer construction matches that of the large drawers below. See also if signs of former handles inside the drawers correspond with filled holes outside.
Principally figuring of timber, especially burr veneers. Additional effects achieved by cross-
banding, feather banding, quartering. Occasionally fine marquetry; mostly floral, preferably seaweed, patterns.
Handles: Typical for day (for details see page 87.) Earliest with brass drop handles (smaller inside than out; seldom matching). Thereafter brass bails with solid backplates outside, smaller ring handles with circular backplates inside. Interior fittings more commonly have small bone, ivory or brass knobs. Fan-shaped pulls common on lopers until about 1725, then brass knobs.
All drawers and fall fitted with locks and surface-mounted escutcheons.
Generally large brass carrying handles at sides; usually on both parts of two-piece base; only occasionally matching those on drawers.
Oak: Stain (applied in oil).
Walnut: Varnish (to fill grain). Mahogany: Varnish or oil stain.
All followed by wax polish (for further details see CHESTS OF DRAWERS, p. 82).
VALUES
Early walnut pieces extremely valuable, especially those with cabinets; prices can be counted in tens of thousands. Original handles and bun feet  although both unlikely  an advantage; so too interesting veneer, intricately shaped and stepped interior fittings.
Walnut bureau cabinet, about 1700.

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DESKS: PEDESTAL
About 1750 onwards
Mahogany pedestal desk, early-19th Century.
Asubstantial piece of writing furniture deriving from the type of pedestal ‘library’ or ‘writing-table’ made and illustrated by Thomas Chippendale and other high quality London-based cabinet makers in the mid-18thC. Subsequently made in a wide range of sizes, the largest being the double. sided partners’ desk, the smallest the half-pedestal devised around 1900. Particularly popular during the 19th and 20thC for office use.
Early library tables with two pedestals of four drawers with a plain top with frieze below and carved and shaped apron fronting kneehole recess. Sometimes panelled cupboard doors enclosing pedestal drawers.
From about 1765 standard form evolved. Made in three parts: two pedestal bases, each containing a flight of three drawers of graduated depth. Sides generally flat when veneered, panelled when solid. Top with three frieze drawers, outer two of equal width to drawers below. Continuous plinth around bases (in late 19thC sometimes fitted with concealed castors). Occasionally bracket feet; short turned legs after 1790. Overhanging top with lip or thumb-nail moulding; narrow moulding around lower edge of top section.
Writing- surface with tooled (sometimes gilt) border. Later 19thC cloth imitation common. Can be laid in three sections. One pedestal sometimes has a cupboard, fronted by dummy drawers.
Above, late- Victorian mahogany pedestal desk, about 1880-1890; below, kidney-shaped mahogany pedestal desk, about 1800-1820.
By far the majority were rectangular; a few kidney- or D-shaped between about 1790 and 1820. Being free-standing, all visible surfaces were finished (i.e. back and inner sides of pedestals). Occasionally there was a solid back to the recess. (This feature was often found on simple provincial and country-made versions; used in smaller rooms of smaller houses, against the wall  i.e. not free-standing.)
Second half of 19thC saw continuous production of the standard model, but also an attempt to apply the prevailing historic revival and other styles such as:
Reformed Gothic: Chamfered edges, panels of diagonal planking, incised line decoration, carved trefoils.
Elizabethan: Heavily carved, dark-stained oak, carved wood, lion’s mask, pull handles.
Sheraton: Principally inlay, some marquetry, in contrasting coloured satinwood. Cross-banding too.
Variations included:
Partners’ desks (from about 1770): As a standard pedestal but double-sized and double-sided. Sometimes there are drawers one side and cupboards the others, but usually the configuration was identical.
Half-pedestals (about 1900 onwards): Made in one piece with apron below single drawer and simple legs replacing missing side.
Simple office desks (about 1900 onwards):With two four-drawer pedestals and plain top (i.e. without drawers). Curved apron fronting recess.
Late versions of standard pedestals may have bracket feet or short, turned or tapering legs ending in cup of box socket castors, considerably altering overall proportion, generally looking too insubstantial to support significant weight above.
From 1900 solid backs to recesses of office desks (for purposes of modesty) much more common. Some pieces with additional floor-level foot-rail.
Mostly mahogany. Commonly oak in 19thC, or pine, originally stained to simulate mahogany, but now usually sold stripped and waxed. Occasionally rosewood during Regency; burr walnut, yew and other figured woods in Victorian times. Sometimes satinwood for decorative panels of veneer.
Standard methods employed (see CHESTS OF DRAWERS, p. 93). Top framework with mortise-and-tenon joints. Top slots over blocks were glued to top of base.
Structural alterations not common, but occasionally marriage of bases to different top, or the superstructure (feature sometimes found on late 19thC pieces) removed and top re-veneered or replaced with new. Occasionally plain oak versions were veneered later to up price; look for all-oak carcase.
MOCK-GEORGIAN DESKS
Very many Victorian and early 20thC desks refurbished with new leather and period-style brass handles and sold as `Georgian’. Check construction of drawers carefully; watch particularly for plywood linings (an inter-war feature). The holes left by former handles may give a clue to the date. The horizontal wooden pulls common from about 1900 will show two screw holes (both inside and out) further apart than you would expect on a standard handle; the semi-elliptical metal handles popular between the wars will leave three
small screw or pin holes on the outside only, arranged as the three points of a triangle; Victorian wooden knobs will leave a 1/2 inch/I cm diameter hole on both sides.
Very little decoration. Some carving on verticals and friezes of early writing-tables. Inlay, mostly in the form of stringing lines, and occasionally marquetry of neo-classical inspiration, on drawers from about 1780; revived again in late 19thC (though this tends to be heavier, executed in strongly contrasting yellow satinwood). Sometimes narrow cross-banded veneer rather than inlay.
Some use of burr or highly figured veneers throughout 19thC.

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ANTIQUE ENGLISH BUREAUX

Before antique bureaux in the Middle Ages many small portable oak desks were made consisting of a simple box with sloping hinged lid on which the owner could write and keep his papers inside. Towards the end of the 17th century this form of desk appears to have been also made on a stand and our two first illustrations show clearly the desk form, overlapping the drawers added beneath and raised on legs which were either made in tapering or turned form. This type of bureau is also seen in the Queen Anne period raised on cabriole legs.
However, the usefulness of including drawer storage space beneath the desk could notbe ignored and the fall-front bureau with drawers beneath appeared also at the end of the 17th century. In some early examples the desk section still also overlaps the drawers beneath, but this soon gave way to the straight type with perhaps a moulding under the desk section to mark the transition. Bureaux of this now conventional type continued to be made, first in walnut,then in ma-. hogany, throughout the 18th century, many in country towns, and reflecting the changing styles of the period.
Bureau-Bookcases also appeared at the end of the 17th century and continued the same development but with leanings towards bookcase styles. The increased height of rooms led to a demand for them. Early bookcases above bureaux either had solid doors or were glazed with Vauxhall glass mirrors, bevelled and, in the finer specimens, engraved.
Value Points
Early walnut bureaux on stands of the type illustrated in our first two examples have now become so rare that little can be said on the subject of value points except that the originality of the legs and stretchers is all-important and makes the difference between the prices shown and less than one half of them.
For bureaux generally however the following value points apply:-1680 - 1740 - The Walnut Period
1. Quality and figure of veneers, colour and patination …
2. Structural condition and originality
3. Herring-bone inlays and cross banding
4. Stringing and other inlays
5. Marquetry
6. Original brass handles and keyhole plates
7. Original Bun or bracket feet
8. Colour (faded) and quality of crossgrained mouldings
9. Size: Width 3′ 0″ or under  Width 2′ 9″ or under - Width 2′ 6″ or under
10. Interior stepped
11. Well
12. Oak drawer linings
For oak and fruitwood examples of this period, value points also apply with particular reference to size, plus the following:-
Choice of figured woods, colour and patination  Quality of mouldings
1730 onwards - The Mahogany Period
It should be remembered that mahogany and walnut periods overlapped each other for about ten years from 1730-1740 and possibly longer. Value points for mahogany bureaux are:-
Quality and choice of figured wood, colour (faded or rich Spanish mahogany) and patination
Structural condition and originality
Original brass handles and keyhole plates
Size:- Width 3′ 0″ or under
Width 2′ 9″ or under
Width 2′ 6″ or under
Interior arrangement
Oak drawer linings  (Normal with good mahogany pieces) Quality of mouldings
Original bracket feet
For oak and fruitwood examples of the period the above points also apply.

A William and Mary period - c. 1690 - walnut bureau of great quality. The tapering octagonal section solid walnut legs terminate in bun feet and the flat, shaped stretcher is also veneered in walnut. The arched shaping of the frieze with its small edge moulding, like a cock bead, is a fine example of the period. The fall front is cross banded and has a herring-bone inlaydividing it into three veneered panels with a cross-grained band between. The drawers are also herring-bone cross banded and there is a double ‘D’ moulding on the carcase edge around them. Note the book or bible-rest moulding on the bottom edge of the fall.
Price Range: E1,500-E2,000
Value points: Original legs and stretchers

William and Mary walnut veneered walnut bureau with solid walnut octagonal tapering legs. c. 1690. The X shaped stretcher is a feature found on tables of the period also, as are the bun feet. The fall front has a herring-bone inlay and cross banding. A half-round or D moulding covers the front edges of the carcase around the drawer fronts, which are herring-bone cross banded.
Price Range: $1, 500-$2,500
Value points: Original legs and stretchers
This is a delightfully small piece of furniture and hence its dimensions add greatly to its value.

An oak bureau of c. 1680 in which the union of the oak desk and a chest of drawers to make one piece of furniture is evident. A moulding still continues round the bottom of the desk section, even round the sides, and above the top drawer. The swan-neck handles are a later addition. The piece has the book or bible-rest moulding on the fall. The mouldings around the drawers and the division of the drawer fronts into panelled halves with a narrow raised centre panel is another contemporary feature which may be seen in the chest section of this book. The bun feet are also probably an original feature although, like the chests, some pieces had feet formed by the continuation of the carcase frame to the floor.
Price Range: $130-$150
Value points: Qualityof mouldings

A walnut bureau of c. 1690, the refined high quality version of the preceding example, made some years later. The style and origin are clear, even to the retention of the moulding around the base of the ‘desk’ section even though unnecessary structurally. The fall is divided into four beautifully matched sections of veneer, with a herring-bone cross banding and this effect is repeated on the drawer fronts. There is a double ‘D’ moulding on the carcase edges around the drawers. The heavy bracket feet are probably original but the handles and escutcheons area later replacement.
Price Range: $400-$500
Value points: Quality of decoration

Another walnut bureau of William and Mary period - c. 1700 - this time open to show the stepped interior with fine concave drawer fronts. The pillars on either side of the centre drawer and pigeon hole can often be withdrawn as a ’secret’ slender vertical drawer. There is a well in the centre interior reached by sliding the surface section in the centre back under the centre drawers. A cross-banded division on the side of the bureau is all that remains of the moulding dividing desk and drawers on the previous examples. The piece againexhibits herring-bone cross bandingaround the drawers and double ‘D’ moulding. The bracket feet, brass handles and escutcheons are probably original.
Price Range: $400-$500
Value points: See section notes

A country bureau in solid walnut of c. 1710. The interior shows the earlier William and Mary influence in the stepped concave drawers and well, The shaped aprons over the pigeon holes are also typical. The exterior drawers and outside of the fall are cross banded in walnut or fruitwood. The handles are not original and the bracket feet have been repaired. The drawers are pine lined.
Price Range: $100-$150
Value points: Quality of workmanship A, e, approximation to contemporary town craftsmanship

Country walnut (solid) bureau of c. 1710 again showing William and Mary period influence in the stepped interior, but which is simpler and less refined than the previous example. The stepped drawers for instance are not concave. There is a well and the exterior drawers are again cross banded in walnut or fruitwood.
Price Range: $I20
Value points: See section notes

A walnut bureau of c. 1725-30 showing the interior, where the stepped design of the William and Mary period has given way to the Georgian straight interior with its corresponding loss of charm. The centre door is flanked by pillars with secret drawers. The interior and exterior drawers are inlaid with boxwood and ebony stringing. The carcase fronts around the drawers are flat veneered and the drawer edges have a ‘lip’ ovolo moulding. There is no interior well; a shallow drawer under the fall occupies this space.
Price Range: $325-$375 Value points: See section notes

An oak bureau of c. 1740 with an unusual drawer arrangement in that there is a long drawer under the fall, thus ensuring that no interior well can be made, and subsequently the normal two short drawers and two long ones. The drawers have an ovolo lip moulding around the edge. The front surfaces of the piece are in fairly straight grained oak without the snaking medullary rays which tend to detract from the surface appearance of the wood. The simple bottom edge moulding and bold bracket feet are typical of country construction.
Price Range: This is a smaller bureau - some 2′ 9″ wide - and therefore price would be affected. E140-P-170

Another oak bureau of mid-18th century date which provides an interesting comparison with the preceding example. The four long drawers are well graduated and have cock beaded edges. The fall, however, is not made of one piece but is of a type often seen in mahogany construction, with a large centre section bounded by two edge pieces with vertical grain running at 90 degrees to thehorizontal main section and with mitre joints at the top corners*. The fall shows medullary rays in profusion. At the base the bracket feet are flush with the faces of the main carcase and a reeded moulding has been applied round the bottom edge.
Price Range: $120-$150 (This is also 2′9″ wide) Value points: See section notes
*Apart from a decorative effect, the purpose of this is in order to have edge mouldings running along the grain instead of across it.

A mahogany bureau of c. 1745 in a dark Spanish or Cuban variety of the wood which was the first type introduced. The later Honduras wood was lighter in weight and colour. The high bold bracket feet and simple proportions belie the much later ring handle replacements on the drawers. The original handles would have been much more in the style of the keyhole plates; in fact the escutcheons or back plates of the handles would have been almost exactly the same. Note the vertical grained veneering of the flat carcase fronts between the drawers and the plain vertically grained veneered sides.
Price Range: $100-$150
Value points: See section notes

A typical mahogany bureau of the mid and later 18th century. The example illustrated here is perhaps a rather boldly wide one but as a type such bureaux, with cock beaded drawers, were made in large numbers in a variety of sizes throughout the epoch. The mahogany varies in figure and decoration from piece to piece but they are extremely durable and many survive in almost original condition. At present, with walnut and oak making all the running it could be that they are rather underpriced; the danger is that the larger ones tend to get converted into bureau-bookcases bythe addition of a suitable cabinet. Size is of course an all-important factor in such pieces.
Price Range : $80-$120
Value points: See section notes

The mid-18th century mahogany bureau of the previous example shown with the fall open. In this bureau the interior has not evolved greatly from earlier styles, being simple and straight fronted with shaped pigeon holes above the small drawers. The centre door is given a panelled effect and the overall style is bold and utilitarian as well as decorative. The centre interior well of the walnut styles has now completely disappeared and the top two short drawers slide immediately under the fall. The bracket feet are in solid mahogany with grain running horizontally as on the drawer fronts.
Price Range: $80-$120

An oak bureau of mid-18th century date with the fall decorated by an inlaid star pattern in boxwood and ebony. This example is unusual in that the front edges are inset with a fluted pillar. The drawers are cock beaded and their handles are not original, being in a later style. The original handles would have been in a shape more in keepingwith the keyhole plates.
Price Range: $65-$85
Value points: See section notes

The mid-18th century bureau of the preceding example shown with the fall open. The interior still owes much to earlier styles, with the outer pairs of drawers set forward from the line of the centre; they are not stepped vertically however. The inlaid star decoration and chequered panel line in boxwood and ebony on the centre door also owe their origin to earlier influences but the almost dentilled effect of the frieze under the top edge is of later inspiration. Note that the pillars of earlier designs on either side of the door have been replaced by a fluted surface.
Price Range: $65-$85

A small George III period mahogany bureau on serpentine bracket feet. This is a veneered piece, evidently because the wood is so finely figured and would have been wasteful to use in the solid. There is achequered stringing line around each cock beaded drawer and the fall, which are cross banded. The inside is fitted with pigeon holes and five drawers.
Price Range: $250-$300
Value points: Serpentine bracket feet

A later 18th century mahogany bureau with symmetrical veneers in a vertical grained figure. The interior is straight, with pigeon holes and drawers and the sides are of solid mahogany. In the later period the veneered pieces tended to be of better quality, usually lined in oak.
Price Range: $75-$100
Value points: See section notes

A late 18th century mahogany bureau on splayed feet with a shaped apron. The fall is cross banded and the drawers have a normal cock bead. Due to the angle of the photograph the bureau appears to be perched rather high on its legs but its proportion follows that of the chests of drawers of the same period.
Price Range: $60-$100
Value points: See section notes

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Antique English Pedestal Desks

mahogany library or writing table - mahogany pedestal desk - kidney-shaped writing table or desk - burr yew pedestal desk on paw feet - nineteenth century mahogany pedestal desk - kidney-shaped desk of Sheraton design

Pedestal desks for study, library and office use do not really stem from the same origin as the kneehole dressing table. They come from another branch of the furniture tree  those grand library and writing tables of the mid-eighteenth century which the great cabinet makers, including Chippendale, made for wealthy clients. This has some bearing on style, for these grand tables did not have bracket feet, like kneeholes, but had a flat plinth base right around. Antique pedestal desks tend to follow this design, with a solid base, rather than bracket, splay or later forms of turned foot.  As a broad rule ‘the higher the leg the lower the price’.
A fairly grand mahogany library or writing table, with a leather inlaid top, blind-fretted frieze and carved decoration on the angled corners and kneehole section.
A mahogany pedestal desk with leather top and a typical arrangement of cock-beaded drawers. A type illustrated by Hepplewhite.
1770-1800
The kidney-shaped writing table or desk was very popular in the nineteenth century but is originally an eighteenth century form, being illustrated by Sheraton in his design books (and in his early nineteenth century books on paw feet). This is a mahogany example with cross-banded drawers and leather top.
Made in Britain 1800-1820 (early 19th Century)
A burr yew pedestal desk on paw feet in the early nineteenth century manner. Being large and with drawers both sides, it is termed a partners’ desk. There is a possibility that this could be early eighteenth century, with later feet and top, in which case the price would be much greater.
Early 19th century
A nineteenth century mahogany pedestal desk of a type made throughout the century for office use. This has a bit of extra quality in the fluting on the front carcase edges and features a lip moulding to the drawers.
A burr walnut pedestal desk with ring handles which gives the piece an attractive appearance. 1840-1860
A typical nineteenth century standard quality pedestal desk. Made in mahogany, oak and pine throughout the period and understandably popular due to its utilitarian value.
Any small feature of interest adds to its value almost disproportionately.
Late 19th /early 20th century
An almost exhibition desk in the Talbert-Eastlake-SeddonBurges manner. All these mid-nineteenth century designers reverted to ‘medieval’ designs and revealed construction in some degree. This piece is made of oak and is considerably decorated with inlays. No longer underestimated.
A kidney-shaped desk of Sheraton design, made by Edwards and Roberts, a nineteenth century firm who specialised in reproductions of eighteenth century designs. This is a Sheraton design, made in plum-pudding mahogany with inlaid satinwood banding and with stringing.

More examples of antique pedestal desks -

Late 19th Century oak pedestal desk of nine drawers with turned wood handles.

A Victorian stripped pine inverted break-front kneehole desk with brass handles.

Victorian mahogany pedestal desk of nine drawers with turned wood knobs.

Late 19th century oak roll-top desk.

Late 19th century mahogany cilinder top pedestal desk.

A 19th century inlaid desk with brass loop handles and bracket feet.

19th century mahogany kneehole desk with pressed brass handles.

19th century secretaire kneehole desk in mahogany.

A George III mahogany inlaid pedestal writing table with one long drawer in the frieze.

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Carlton House desk

This extremely elegant piece of writing furniture owes its name to the Prince of Wales’ grand London town house which used to stand on the present site of Carlton House Terrace, overlooking St James’s Park. A Carlton House desk is a typical Regency design: sleek, elegant, depending entirely on its shape with no added carving - all the embellishment is in the surface treatment.
A drawing for a very similar design appears in Hepplewhite’s second edition of The Cabinet-Maker’s London Book of Prices, published in 1794, six years after his death, and some writing tables or desks of this distinctive shape had already been made before that. In any event, all but three of the 20 illustrative plates in Hepplewhite’s book were signed by Thomas Shearer. Thomas Sheraton’s Cabinet Maker and Upholsterer’s Drawing Book (published in a series from 1791-94) also included drawings of a similar desk. Sheraton
described it as a lady’s drawing or writing table which should be made in two parts, in
satinwood or mahogany with a brass rim around the top part. The name ‘Carlton House table’ first appeared in Gillow of Lancaster’s cost books for 1796. But although it can apparently
be attributed to several furniture designers its form varies only in detail - it would seem that it became almost instantly a ‘classic’ piece.
Signs of authenticity of Carlton House Desks
1. Made in two parts, with well-matching veneer on top and base.
2. Free-standing design - the veneer should follow the outside curve in a continuous unbroken sweep around the back.
3. Some early Carlton House desks were made with `bamboo-ringed’ legs and tasselled tops set under the writing top: from c.1795 the construction is similar to library tables with legs continuing up to form the sides of the frame, set slightly proud on the corners.
4. Oak-lined drawers with cast brass bolt heads with rosettes, octagonal or circular small backplates, matching in design on small and large drawers.
5. Legs tapering on insides only - outside corners form right-angles with floor.
6. Small moulded lip running on line of division of top and base.
7. Light-coloured golden satinwood veneer from West Indies with good figuring - light-coloured Cuban ‘curl’ mahogany veneer, or speckled amboyna.
8. Inlaid or painted decoration.
9. Veneer of top surface slightly faded from sunlight.
10. Inset soft leather writing surface framed with cross-cut veneer banding.
Likely restoration and repair
11. New veneered top and slight
lack of proportion to central pigeon-hole section. Victorian version with higher back removed, new curving top added to give ‘classical Regency’ horizontal lines.
12. Corners slightly proud with legs set under writing top, indicates original legs broken or replaced with earlier design to add to rarity value.
13. Speckled veneer with inlaid decoration - could be amboyna but may be later Victorian cheaper ‘bird’s eye maple’ with machine-cut inlay.
14. Light-coloured carcase
wood, usually pine, with pine drawers, indicates later reproduction.
Construction and materials
A Carlton House desk or writing table is a D-shaped library table with an additional curved tier of drawers, pigeon holes and spaces for books. It is made in two parts: the table base and the D-shaped curving upper part, the back of which should be flat and only curved on the wings. The overall design, so typical of early Regency furniture, is composed of flat planes on the horizontal and stepped or curved lines on the vertical. They are large pieces of furniture, often measuring well over five feet in width, but because of their long
low lines, are not overpowering.
Detail
In that they were described as `ladies’ writing tables they are almost the only exception to the rule that writing and library furniture of the period was usually plain and dark.
Carlton House
desks could almost be termed frivolous were it not for their solidity and excellent craftsmanship. The grandest follow the French bureau-plat tendency to gilt mounts and ormolu, but the finest rely on delicate swags and foliate inlay and the dexterous use of contrasting veneers.
The late eighteenth century delight in hidden features occasionally shows itself in some of these desks where the central block of pigeon holes and drawers slides forward towards the writer. William IV period desks have a tendency to be over-ornate, and many Victorian furniture manufacturers could not leave a good design alone, but gave added height to the central back section, so that the stepped or concave curving sides appear weak and the horizontal line is broken.
Variations
These grand ’salon’ pieces had no country-made counterparts. The nearest being large rent tables, usually constructed without any superstructure, used in estate managers’ offices. There also exist many cross breeds between the high chiffonier and the Carlton
House desk, plainly made in solid mahogany, but in no way country pieces of furniture.
This period overlaps that of the many well-made designs for solid suburban homes, often simplified or adapted from grander pieces of furniture.
Left: a simpler version, c.1820, made in rosewood, with spindle-turned legs, lion’s mask handles to main drawers, inset leather writing surface and decorated with brass beading and gallery.
Reproductions
Nineteenth century
Once the Carlton House desk had joined the repertoire of English furniture, it was made continuously through to the end of the nineteenth century, particularly in the period c.1860-85 when there was a revival in popularity of both Regency styles and pale-coloured veneers. The Victorian tendency to alter the design has already been mentioned, and taller Carlton House desks were made for a considerable period, alongside the classic design.
The line between ‘late original’ and ‘early reproduction’ is almost impossible to define, except from the poorer quality of both materials and craftsmanship of the reproduction: some Edwardian copies were also made with painted decoration and cheaper ’simulated satinwood’ veneer, usually birch. Until relatively recently these writing desks have been out of favour, but now that their popularity is again increasing it has
become a commercial proposition to restore and refurbish many poorer-quality pieces so that they can take their place spuriously among the originals.
Price bands
Early nineteenth century, with simple decoration, $10,000-15,000.
(Highly decorated pieces of this age are more expensive.)
Ornate, high quality, satinwood copy, late nineteenth century, $7,000.
Rosewood, c.1820, $4,000- 6,000.

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